Civil Engineering Info

  Curing is a very important part of the construction work, aggregate does not achieve its full strength without cubes, so curing should be given importance. Standard curing times for various construction elements, including slabs, columns, beams, brick walls, retaining walls, and plaster : Construction Element Standard Curing Time Notes Slab 7 to 28 days Typically, 21 to 28 days for heavy-duty or exposed slabs. Column 7 to 14 days 14 days for larger columns or in severe conditions. Beam 7 to 14 days 14 days for significant loads or exposure. Brick Wall 7 to 10 days Sprinkling water 2-3 times a day to keep mortar moist. Retaining Wall 7 to 14 days Curing depends on exposure and size. Footings (Foundations) 7 to 14 days Longer times in hot, dry...

             Here's a table showing the clear cover requirements for various structural elements in both                              millimeters (mm) and inches : Structural Element Clear Cover (mm) Clear Cover (inches) S labs 20 mm to 25 mm 0.8 to 1 inch Beams 25 mm to 40 mm 1 to 1.6 inches Columns 40 mm to 50 mm 1.6 to 2 inches Foundations (Footings) 50 mm to 75 mm 2 to 3 inches Retaining Walls 40 mm to 50 mm 1.6 to 2 inches Staircases 15 mm to 25 mm 0.6 to 1 inch Footpaths/Pavements 20 mm to 30 mm 0.8 to 1.2 inches Water Retaining Structures 40 mm to 75 mm 1.6 to 3 inc...

              Here’s a list of chemicals commonly used in retrofitting civil construction work A. Epoxy Resins Use: Applied to surfaces for bonding old and new concrete, crack filling, or bonding steel plates for structural strengthening. Place of Use: Surface treatment for cracks and bonding layers. Example Products: Sikadur 32 (Sika), Nitobond EP (Fosroc) B. Polyurethane (PU) Coatings and Grouts Use: For crack injection, waterproofing, and sealing porous surfaces. Place of Use: Applied as a coating or grout to seal cracks and prevent water ingress. Example Products: Sika Injection-101 RC, BASF MasterSeal C. Silane/Siloxane Water Repellents Use: Surface treatments that create a water-repelling layer on concrete, masonry, or stone. Place of Use: Applied to surfaces exposed to water to prevent water penetration. Example Products: BASF MasterProtect H 1100 D. Acrylic or Cementitious Waterproofing Chemicals Use: Applied on surfaces to provide a...

  Unit Conversion Table Quantity Unit Conversion to Metric Conversion to Imperial Weight Kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 2.20462 lb 1 lb = 0.453592 kg Metric Ton (ton) 1 ton = 1,000 kg 1 ton = 2,204.62 lb Pound (lb) 1 lb = 0.453592 kg 1 lb = 1 lb Kip 1 kip = 4448.22 N 1 kip = 1 kip Volume Cubic Meter (m³) 1 m³ = 1,000 L 1 ft³ = 0.0283168 m³ Cubic Foot (ft³) 1 ft³ = 0.0283168 m³ 1 ft³ = 1 ft³ Liter (L) 1 L = 1,000 cm³ 1 gal (US) = 3.78541 L Gallon (gal) 1 gal (US) = 3.78541 L 1 gal (UK) = 4.54609 L Area Square Meter (m²) 1 m² = 10.7639 ft² 1 ft² = 0.092903 m² Square Foot (ft²) 1 ft² = 0.092903 m² 1 ft² = 1 ft² ...

  Length Conversion From To Conversion Factor Inches (in) Feet (ft) 1 in = 0.08333 ft Feet (ft) Inches (in) 1 ft = 12 in Meters (m) Feet (ft) 1 m = 3.28084 ft Meters (m) Inches (in) 1 m = 39.3701 in Feet (ft) Meters (m) 1 ft = 0.3048 m Millimeters (mm) Meters (m) 1 mm = 0.001 m Meters (m) Millimeters (mm) 1 m = 1,000 mm Millimeters (mm) Inches (in) 1 mm = 0.0393701 in Note :Please share if you like it.