According to National Building Code, buildings are classified based on occupancy and types of construction.

 According to the National Building Code, buildings are classified based on occupancy and types of construction.

1. Classification based on type of occupancy

a) Group A: Residential Buildings

b) Group B: Educational Buildings

c) Group C: Institutional Buildings

d) Group D: Assembly Buildings

e) Group E: Business Buildings

f) Group F: Mercantile Buildings

g) Group G: Industrial Buildings

h) Group H: Storage Buildings

i) Group J: Hazardous Buildings


Residential Buildings: These are buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking or dining or both facilities. These buildings are further subdivided into 5 groups, viz. 

A-1: Lodging house

 A-2: Family private dwelling; A-3:Dormitories; A-4: Flats (Apartment Houses); A-5: Hotels.

Educational Buildings: All those buildings which are meant for education from a nursery to the University, are included in this group. However, the National Building Code of India recommends that these buildings should be used for education or imparting instructions for more than 8 hours per week,

Institutional Buildings: This group includes any building or part thereof, which are used for purposes such as medical, health, recovering health after illness, physical or mental disease, care of infants or aged persons, and for penal or correctional detention in which the liberty of inmates is restricted. These buildings normally provide sleeping accommodations for the occupants. These buildings are further subdivided into 3 groups, viz. C-1: Hospital and Sanitaria; C-2: Custodial Institutions; C-3: Penal Institutions.

Assembly Buildings: These include any building or part of a building where groups of people assemble or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic, or similar purposes. Building under this group was further subdivided into 5 groups, ie., D-1 to D-5 in descending order of accommodation (capacity) and facilities.


Business Buildings: This group includes any building or part of a building which are used for purposes such as transaction of business, keeping of accounts and records and similar purposes; doctors' dispensaries and clinics, service facilities such as barber shops, "banks, city halls, court houses, libraries, exp


Mercantile Buildings: These include any building or part of a building which are used as shops, stores, or markets for the display and sale of products or wares either wholesale or retail.


Industrial Buildings: These include any building or part of a building or structure in which products or materials of all kinds and properties are fabricated, assembled, or processed, for example, laboratories, assembly plants, power plants, gas plants, diaries, refineries, pumping stations, sawmills, etc. Buildings under this group are further classified into three groups, namely G-1, G-2, and G-3 depending upon the hazard of occupancy as low, moderate, and high respectively.


Storage Buildings: These include any building or part of a building, used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, wares or merchandise (not highly combustible), vehicles or animals, for example, cold storage, warehouses, freight, storehouses, transit sheds, truck terminal, garages, etc.


Hazardous Buildings: These include any building or part of a building that is used for the storage, handling, manufacture, or processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products that are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and prove hazardous to health. Buildings used for storage of gases under high pressure for storage and handling of highly flammable liquids or explosive materials, or for the manufacture of synthetic leather, explosives, fire works, etc. are included in this group.


2. Classification based on Type of construction.


This classification is indirectly considered by the fire resistance of the building.


Type-1: That provides 4 hours of fire resistance

Type-2: That provides 3 hours of fire resistance

Type-3: That provides 2 hours of fire resistance

Type-4: That provides 1 hour of fire resistance


Thank You

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