The Building consists of two major parts

The Building consists of two major parts

(a) substructure

(b) superstructure.


All components of buildings fall under any one of these categories.

Substructure: The structure below the ground level is known as the foundation or substructure. The foundation forms the base which transmits the load from the superstructure to the soil below. The foundation should be properly designed and carefully executed, both from the point of view of the stability and cost of the structure.

Superstructure: The structure above the ground level is known as the superstructure. The various components constituting the superstructure are explained under.

Basement: The story or floor of a building below ground level. This is not used for residential purposes. It is generally used for storage of goods, air-conditioning rooms, vehicle parking, and as a locker for banks, etc.

Plinth: The portion of a structure between the surface of the surrounding ground and the surface of the floor, which is immediately above the ground. This is the surface over which walls are raised and door frames are fixed,

Damp proof course: A continuous layer of impervious material is provided at the plinth level to prevent dampness on the wall.

Wall: It is the vertical component of the superstructure used to transfer the load of the roof and its self-weight to the foundation.

Floor: The exposed top surface of a floor prepared with a covering is called flooring. It provides a hard, clean, smooth, impervious, durable, and attractive surface.

Door: It is an opening to the outside of the building as well as to connect inside rooms of the building.

Window: An opening to the outside other than a door to provide ample natural light and ventilation.

Beam: It is a horizontal structural member that carries a portion of wall, floor slab, and roof.

Corridor: A narrow verandah or a gallery or open communication to different parts of the building.

Lintel: It is a beam that supports the brick work over the opening of doors, windows, and passages. Generally, the width of the beam is the same as that of the brick wall.

Roof: It is a cover for the building, to protect it from rain, wind, snow, sunlight, etc. Parapet A short wall provided on top of the roof of a building. The main purpose of this wall is to fulfill the architectural requirements of the building.

Sunshade: It is a horizontal projection provided outside a building at the top of doors and windows to protect the inside of the building from sunlight and rain.


Weathering course: It is a continuous layer provided over the roof slab to protect the roof from sunlight, rain, wind, and snow.


Coping: A projection on top of a parapet wall provided on the outer side or both sides in order to prevent the rolling of water throughout the wall. 


Thank You.

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